READ- The fundamental difference between the case study control method and the randomized control trial is what the study is looking for. A case control study compares patients who have a disease or conditions to a similar group of patients that do not. This is used to determine if a person is at risk of developing that disease or condition. A randomized controlled trial is used to help determine the benefit of interventions for a disease or diagnosis. One advantage to the case-control study is that it’s a short-term study. A disadvantage to the case-control study is that you have to match the control group and the case group to get accurate results. Correlation studies are different from case-control studies and randomized clinical trials. Characteristics of a correlation study are they identify long term trends, the data is from a population not individuals, and the results report a correlation only.
A case-control study is at the base of the research pyramid. The strength and validity of the evidence increases the farther up the pyramid you go. Case-control studies are one of the most common. It’s important to remember as an APRN that each type of study has its purpose. They each have their own advantages and disadvantages and specific uses. Knowing which type of study to utilize or which one to look for when looking for clinical research is important for best practice.
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