Response A/B

A:

 

1. What is the APA format reference entry for the article?

Wang, P., Chen, C., Yang, R., & Wu, Y. (2015). Psychometric evaluation of health related quality of life among rural-to-urban migrants in China. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 13, 155. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12955-015-0350-1

1. What are the research questions?  Are they looking for a difference, an association, or a predictive relationship?

The main objective of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the SF-36 scale when used among rural-to-urban migrant populations in Mainland China and whether this version of the SF-36 meet the statistical criteria for reliability and validity across different cultures and populations (Wang et al., 2015).

Historically, the concept of health was viewed as a physical condition. However, this concept has expanded over time to encompass mental and social aspects. The SF-36 is a tool utilized to evaluate the general health concepts relevant across age, disease, and treatment groups, with physical health and mental health being the primary dimensions (Wang et al., 2015). These were included in the SF-36 measurement, to evaluate HRQOL, which is a method for determining a person’s satisfaction or happiness with the dimensions of life that affect or are affected by health (Wang et al., 2015).

1. Describe the Research Design.  Do you feel that this choice was appropriate and why?  What are the strengths and weaknesses of the design?

Wang et al. (2015), conducted a cross-sectional study in Wuhan which appears to be appropriate based on the research objective. They are focused on evaluating the psychometric properties of the SF-36 scale throughout Mainland China.

1. Who are the participants and how were they selected?  Describe both the target population and the sample.  If possible, indicate the response rate achieved by the researchers.

According to Wang et al. (2015), the participants of the cross-sectional survey were rural-to-urban migrants in Wuhan, China. Initial fieldwork locations were selected at random from three of Wuhan’s seven districts: Qingshan, Hongshan, and Wuchang. Non-probability sampling identified specific employment locations, such as hotels and construction sites, where these migrants constitute a significant portion of the labor force. These districts received a total of 842 questionnaires, with interviewers collecting 765 completed responses.  

1. Are there measurement Reliability and Validity studies?
2. How would you know the measurements are reliable? What does the study report?

The split-half and internal reliability methods were utilized to determine the SF-36 scale’s reliability. The Spearman-Brown formula yielded a split-half reliability coefficient of 0.745, indicating that the scale is reliable. When tested across subgroups determined by gender, marriage, age, and income, coefficients ranging from 0.681% to 0.722% supported the reliability of the scale among Chinese migrants. Cronbach’s alpha (overall 0.770), theta (0.862), and omega (0.903) coefficients were used to assess internal reliability further, highlighting the scale’s high internal consistency (Wang et al., 2015).

1. How do you know the measurements of the variables are valid? What does the study report?

Wang et al. (2015) validates the SF-36 measurements using construct validity assessments, known-group comparisons, and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). Physical Component Summary (PCS) and Mental Component Summary (MSC) scores on the SF-36 align eith expected sociodemographic patterns, and many of these relationships are statistically significant. The CFA supports the construct validity of the migrant population, with key goodness-of-fit indicators.

1. What statistical tests were used? Identify each test used. State why that statistic was chosen (e.g., “the t-test was chosen because the researchers were comparing two group means). Report the result, the p value, and how it was interpreted.

According to Wang et al. (2015), the split-half reliability method, Cronbach’s alpha, theta, and omega coefficients were used to determine the reliability of the SF-36 scale. With coefficients exceeding 0.7, the split-half reliability method revealed a high degree of internal consistency. Because of the scales’ eight inconsistent domains, theta and omega coefficients were also used, resulting in a strong internal consistency with values exceeding 0.7 (Wang et al., 2015).

Furthermore, Wang et al. (2015) utilized known-group validity analysis and confirmatory factor analysis and used to assess the construct validity of the SF 36 scale. The SF-36 effectively discriminated between subgroups based on sociodemographic variables (Wang et al., 2015). Wang et al. (2015 discovered that the maximum likelihood CFA produced strong goodness-of-fit indicators, with Chi-squared/df=2..059, GFI=0.926, RMSEA=0.037, and CFI=0.939. Significance was determined with a p-value < 0.05.

1. Summarize how the results were interpreted.

The study validated the SF-36 scale as a reliable instrument for measuring HRQOL for migrants in Wuhan (Wang et al., 2015). Many cases, Cronbach’s alpha and split-half reliability coefficients exceeded 0.70, indicating that the majority of the scale’s dimensions showed internal consistency (Wang et al., 2015). Nevertheless, the SF dimension had the lowest internal consistency, which is consistent with previous research and suggests that this aspect of the scale may be flawed. CFA is used to validate the construct of validity of the SF-36 for migrants. GFI and CFI > 0.90; RMSEA 0.05; Chi-squared/df =3.00 (Wang et al., 2015).

B:

 

Locate any peer-reviewed article that discusses validity and reliability (two types of reliability are Chronbach’s alpha and split-half reliability) in quantitative research. Use the DBA Article Review Guidelines found in Student Resources>Guides and Checklists to formulate and post an article review for this article.

1. What is the APA format reference entry for the article?

Dönmez, Elif, İlknur Dolu, and Şeyma Yilmaz. (2022). “Validity and reliability of a questionnaire to measure the patient satisfaction with nursing care quality-turkish version.” Asia Pacific Journal of Health Management 17 (2): 1–12. https://doi.org/10.24083/apjhm.v17i2.1519.

1. What are the research questions? Are they looking for a difference, an association, or a predictive relationship? 

The study looks to determine the effectiveness of the Patient Satisfaction with Nursing Care Quality Questionnaire in Turkey. The research notes that there hasn’t been much use of questionnaires in Turkey when assessing patient satisfaction, so they would like to identify if it is effective. Researchers are looking for an association in that they are trying to determine if the study will be as helpful in measuring patient satisfaction in Turkey as it is elsewhere.

1. Describe the Research Design. Do you feel that this choice was appropriate, and why? What are the strengths and weaknesses of the design? 

The strength of the design is the validity and reliability tests. The cross-sectional approach is appropriate because it allows the researcher to take the study and apply it to data gathered during a specific set of time. The researchers can tale the date gathered in this study and compare it to data gathered in other regions or from different population samples.

The strength is also the weakness of the design in this study. Cross-sectional studies are limited in that they measure a set of time. Things can change over time, and as a result, the results can be insufficient (Irani et al., 2018).

1. Who are the participants and how were they selected? Describe both the target population and the sample. If possible, indicate the response rate achieved by the researchers. 

The study did not note a response rate. This is likely due to participants having volunteered. This implies that if the volunteer rate can be the response rate, it would be a response rate of 100%. Researchers selected a sample that ranged in age between 18-65, without a cognitive disability, and were in the second week of their treatment.

5. What are the variable(s) and their measurement scales? 

1. Identify key Independent Variables and the level of measurement (Nominal, Ordinal, Scale) 

Indepenedent variables include income status, marital status, educational status, gender, and age group. Age group, educational status, and income status were ordinal whereas marital status and gender were nominal.

1. Identify key Dependent Variables and the level of measurement (Nominal, Ordinal, Scale) 

The dependent variable, which was the mean total score on the satisfaction level of nursing care, used the scale level of measurement.

3. OR: if your study does not use IV’s or DV’s, identify and describe relevant variables/issues and how they are measured. 

N/A

6. Are there measurement Reliability and Validity studies? 

a. How would you know the measurements are reliable? What does the study report? (Remember, reliability is about the non-sampling error). 

The study tests reliability by examining Cronbach’s alpha. The coefficient of Cronbach’s alpha is .98, which suggests a high level of consistency.

b. How do you know the measurements of the variables are valid? What does the study report? 

The study utilizes expert opinions to establish consent validity. Thirteen experts are used to assess the content of the study, ensuring the translated study is clearly conveying the questionnaire. When comparing the results to the content validity index, a score of .97 is determined. This means that the majority of experts agreed that the content was both valid and applicable.

c.        Briefly describe the procedures. 

Several studies are used to determine validity and reliability. Chronbach’s alpha, consent validity, and several other tests are performed. In the end, both reliability and validity are established, with high values being reported for each test.

7. What statistical tests were used? Identify each test used. State why that statistic was chosen (e.g., “the t-test was chosen because the researchers were comparing two group means). Report the result, the p value, and how it was interpreted. 

An item-total score correlation analysis and Cronbach’s alpha were the statistical tests used in this study. These tests were used to ensure the results were both consistent and reliable. With the item-total score correlation, values were between .762 and .913, indicating a good correlation. Cronbach’s alpha also had a value of .98 which also indicates reliability was achieved in the study.

8. Summarize how the results were interpreted. 

The conclusion begins with emphasizing that questionnaires of this nature have been instrumental in indicating how patient view their care. Whether the care was reported as being satisfactory or sub-par, the questionnaire was able to help gather that type of information and assist care facilities with understanding the quality of care their staff was providing. This study was able to determine that the questionnaire was effective in Turkish. Researchers found that it was an effective tool for measuring Patient Satisfaction with a Nursing Care Quality Questionnaire in Turkish.

9. Identify specific limitations of the research. 

Although there are limitations, the study did a great job of accomplishing the goal of the research. The limitation of the study was noted as being the scope of the population sample. It consisted of participants from a particular province and a particular unit within a hospital. In my opinion, the study did an excellent job of assessing whether the questionnaire administered in Turkish would be effective in Turkey. I do not believe the researchers should spend additional time running the same tests in different hospital units. Instead, I believe the research should begin to assess hospitals in Turkey and utilize the questionnaire approach moving forward.

References

Dönmez, Elif, İlknur Dolu, and Şeyma Yilmaz. (2022). “Validity and reliability of a questionnaire to measure the patient satisfaction with nursing care quality-turkish version.” Asia Pacific Journal of Health Management 17 (2): 1–12. https://doi.org/10.24083/apjhm.v17i2.1519.

Irani, Morvarid, Maryam Hassanzadeh Bashtian, Talat Khadivzadeh, Hosein Ebrahimipour, and Seyyed Mohsen Asghari Nekah. (2018). “Weaknesses in the reporting of cross-sectional studies in accordance with the strobe Report (The case of congenital anomaly among infants in iran): A review article.” Iranian Journal of Public Health 47 (12): 1796–1804.

less