ethics 8

1. Sarah Breier-Mackie identifies patient advocacy and compassion as cornerstone values of nursing ethics. True
   False

QUESTION 2

1. Healthcare professionals and healthcare ethicists universally agree that beneficence is most important among the principles of bioethics. True
   False

QUESTION 3

1. What stance do you think care ethics would take on two (2) of the following issues: informed consent, patient confidentiality, and assisted suicide?For the toolbar, press ALT+F10 (PC) or ALT+FN+F10 (Mac).ParagraphSystem Font12pt0 WORDSPOWERED BY TINY

QUESTION 4

1. What stance do you think utilitarian ethics would take on two (2) of the following issues: organ donation, assisted suicide, and the Tuskegee study?For the toolbar, press ALT+F10 (PC) or ALT+FN+F10 (Mac).ParagraphSystem Font12pt0 WORDSPOWERED BY TINY

QUESTION 5

1. According to Micah Hester, why is organ donation upon death morally obligatory while live donation is not?Laws requiring live kidney donation would be unfair. Live organ donation is not a medically appropriate way of saving a life. Donation upon death allows more organs to be harvested than live donation. Live donation is somewhat risky to the donor’s health, while donation upon death is not.

 

QUESTION 6

1. Which of the following is not a reason David Steinberg gives to support his organ donation proposal?It would promote a kind of reciprocal altruism. It would help decrease our dependence on live organ donation. It would prohibit those unwilling to donate their organs from ever receiving one, if they should ever need one.It would help increase the organs available for transplantation by giving people an incentive to agree to be donors. 

QUESTION 7

1. What stance do you think Kantian ethics would take on two (2) of the following issues: doctors intentionally withholding information from patients; international medical research; patients willing to accept an organ transplantation but unwilling to become organ donors?For the toolbar, press ALT+F10 (PC) or ALT+FN+F10 (Mac).ParagraphSystem Font12pt0 WORDSPOWERED BY TINY

QUESTION 8

1. Identify at least two virtues that you believe are especially important for doctors, nurses, or other medical professionals; briefly explain why.For the toolbar, press ALT+F10 (PC) or ALT+FN+F10 (Mac).ParagraphSystem Font12pt0 WORDSPOWERED BY TINY

QUESTION 9

1. According to Howard Brody, what’s the problem with the community-standard approach to informed consent?It leaves patients too vulnerable to medical paternalism.Different communities have different standards for health, wellness, illness, and disease. Sometimes medical professionals and their patients come from different communities. Brody argues that informed consent creates more harm than good in healthcare.

QUESTION 10

1. According to Howard Brody, what’s the problem with a conversation model of informed consent?  It does not apply to patients whose doctors have recently died.It ignores the fact that patients have questions about their health and treatment options. It does not provide a clear legal standard on whether a conversation has ended too quickly or not. Sometimes medical professionals and their patients come from different communities. 

QUESTION 11

1. In your own words, briefly explain how the Tuskegee syphilis study violated at least two of the four major principles of bioethics. For the toolbar, press ALT+F10 (PC) or ALT+FN+F10 (Mac).ParagraphSystem Font12pt0 WORDSPOWERED BY TINY

QUESTION 12

1. Why is it ethically important to distinguish between medical research and clinical care?Because informed consent is vital for patients, but unrealistic for study participants.Because justice is a relevant consideration for clinical care, but not for medical research. Because doctors and nurses participate in clinical care but not medical research.Because medical research and clinical care have fundamentally different motivating goals. 

QUESTION 13

1. Which of these points from the Nuremberg Code is not primarily concerned with respect for participants’ autonomy?Medical researchers have a responsibility to end a research project that has become too risky for participants.Each research subject must be allowed to end their participation in the research project.Each research subject must give informed consent.Each research subject must be to freely choose whether to volunteer for a research project. 

QUESTION 14

1. Describe a realistic scenario in which respect for patient autonomy might conflict with the duty of beneficence.For the toolbar, press ALT+F10 (PC) or ALT+FN+F10 (Mac).ParagraphSystem Font12pt0 WORDSPOWERED BY TINY

QUESTION 15

1. How does the Americans with Disabilities Act define disability?Disability is a subjective experience of feeling like one’s body is unable to do the things one expects it to be able to do.Disability is an impairment that limits one’s ability to perform certain major life activities. Disability consists of blindness, deafness, or a combination of the two. There is no objective definition of disability, but we know it when we see it.

QUESTION 16

1. How does Havi Carel characterize health? When one’s body feels healthy, there is a smooth alignment between the biological body and the lived body. When one’s body feels healthy, the biological body is more important than the lived body.When one’s body feels healthy, the lived body is more important than the biological body.Actually, health and illness are not more than shared delusions.

QUESTION 17

1. In your own words, identify James Rachels’s position on the ethics of active and passive euthanasia. For the toolbar, press ALT+F10 (PC) or ALT+FN+F10 (Mac).ParagraphSystem Font12pt0 WORDSPOWERED BY TINY

  

QUESTION 18

1. Which of these is not a criterion for eligibility for assisted suicide for the Death with Dignity Act?The patient must be diagnosed as terminally ill. The patient must be a resident of the state in question.The patient must have a documented history of suicidal ideation. The patient must be able to administer the lethal dose themselves.